Flaring Rates and the Evolution of Sunspot Group McIntosh Classifications |
|
Aoife E. McCloskey Submitted: 2016-07-04 08:40
Sunspot groups are the main source of solar flares, with the energy to power them
being supplied by magnetic-field evolution (e.g. flux emergence or twisting/shearing).
To date, few studies have investigated the statistical relation between sunspot-group
evolution and flaring, with none considering evolution in the McIntosh classification
scheme. Here we present a statistical analysis of sunspot groups from Solar Cycle 22,
focusing on 24-hour changes in the three McIntosh classification components.
Evolution-dependent >C1.0, >M1.0, and >X1.0 flaring rates are calculated, leading to
the following results: (i) flaring rates become increasingly higher for greater degrees of
upward evolution through the McIntosh classes, with the opposite found for downward
evolution; (ii) the highest flaring rates are found for upward evolution from larger, more
complex, classes (e.g. Zurich D- and E-classes evolving upward to F-class produce
>C1.0 rates of 2.66 ± 0.28 and 2.31 ± 0.09 flares per 24 hours, respectively); (iii)
increasingly complex classes give higher rates for all flare magnitudes, even when
sunspot groups do not evolve over 24 hours. These results support the hypothesis that
injection of magnetic energy by flux emergence (i.e. increasing in Zurich or
compactness classes) leads to a higher frequency and magnitude of flaring.
Authors: Aoife E. McCloskey, Peter T. Gallagher, D. Shaun Bloomfield
Projects: None
|
Publication Status: Solar Physics (in press)
Last Modified: 2016-07-06 10:36
|
 
 
|
|
|
Key
|
 | Go to main E-Print page. |
 | Download Preprint. |
 | Submitters Homepage. |
 | Edit Entry. |
 | Delete abstract. |
|
|
|