YOHKOH/SXT EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH
Prepared: 9 February 1997

Statistics:
	Students completing Ph.D.		     21
	Students now working on Ph.D.		     20
	Science posters distributed		157,000
	Internet WWW traffic at LMSAL		  1,500 hits/day
           Yohkoh/SXT site			     35 Mbyte/day
	Products used by museums & planetaria	    >20 locations
	SXT mentions in the popular press	    >40
	Videos distributed			    500
	SXT in TV, radio, commercials		    >30
	Direct educational outreach		   >100 appearances
	   "        "         "          approx. 10,000 students
	Yohkoh "Scientific Discovery" package	   5000 prepared


The Yohkoh mission has paid off handsomely for graduate education.
Furthermore, the Yohkoh Team, thanks in large measure to the generosity
and interest of Lockheed Martin, has been active in the dissemination
of many educational products to the general public.  We have served
schools, planetaria, museums and commercial producers of educational
products.  We are increasingly using the Internet for public and
educational outreach as well as for enhanced scientific cooperation.

These activities snowball and spread well beyond the cognizance of the
team.  Just yesterday I (LWA) was having lunch in a bar in Bozeman, MT,
and was surprised and delighted to see Yohkoh/SXT movies on the TV!
This summary emphasizes activity in the USA and the direct results we
know the most about -- by no means the total picture.

1. Graduate education.

Students completing their Ph.D. degrees utilizing Yohkoh data:
--------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Bachtiar Anwar, "Rapid Sunspot Motion during a Major Solar Flare",
   Faculty of Science, Kyoto University (March 1993).

(2) Karen L. Harvey, "Magnetic Bipoles on the Sun", Universiteit 
   Utrecht, (September 1993).

(3) Mika Inda-Koide, "A Systematic Study of Temporal and Spectral
   Variations of Solar Flare Hard X-Ray Morphology", School of Science,
   University of Tokyo (March 1994).

(4) Satoshi Masuda, "Hard X-Ray Sources and the Primary Energy Release 
   Site in Solar Flares - Finding of Loop-Top Impulsive Sources -", 
   School of Science, University of Tokyo (March 1994).

(5) Taro Sakao, "Characteristics of Solar Flare Hard X-Ray Sources as 
   Revealed with the Hard X-Ray Telescope aboard the Yohkoh Satellite", 
   School of Science, University of Tokyo (March 1994). 

(6) Lisa Porter, "Wave Heating of the Solar Corona", Stanford 
   University (June 1994).

(7) Michal Tomczak, "Investigation of Energy Transport in Solar 
   Flares", University of Wroclaw, Poland (September 1994, in Polish).

(8) Kimerly Dawn Leka, "Electric Currents in the Emerging Flux of 
   AR 7260", University of Hawaii (November 1994).

(9) Toshifumi Shimizu, "Studies of Transient Brightenings (Microflares) 
   Discovered in Solar Active Regions", School of Science, University 
   of Tokyo (March 1995).

(10) Takaaki Yokoyama, "Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Solar Coronal 
   X-Ray Jets Based on Magnetic Reconnection Model", School of 
   Mathematical and Physical Science, Graduate University for Advanced 
   Studies (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan) (March 1995).
 
(11) Leila Belkora, "A Multispectral Study of the Flare of 1992 July 16, 
   Using Data From the Owens Valley Solar Array and Instruments from the 
   Yohkoh Spacecraft", University of Colorado (September 1995).

(12) Adriana Valio Roque da Silva, "Multi-Wavelength Observations of 
   Solar Flares with Emphasis on the Millimeter Emission", University of 
   California, Berkeley (October 1995).

(13) Elizabeth Newton, "The Velocity Differential Emission Measure 
   (VDEM) as Diagnostic of Solar Atmospheric Response to Flare Heating", 
   University of Alabama in Huntsville (January 1996).

(14) Michael Lee Rilee, "Energy Release and Transport in Solar Flares", 
   Cornell University (January 1996).

(15) Hideki Koshiishi, "A Deep-CLEAN Imaging Method Applied to the 
   Nobeyama Radioheliograph and Observations of Polar-Cap Brightenings 
   and Their Association with Coronal Holes", School of Science, 
   University of Tokyo (March 1996).

(16) Kouji Morimoto, "Gamma-Ray Observations with the Yohkoh Satellite",
   Graduate School of Science, Rikkyo University (March 1996).

(17) Hirohisa Hara, "Structures and Heating Mechanisms of the Solar 
   Corona", School of Science, University of Tokyo (April 1996).

(18) Sarah Matthews, "Thermal and Nonthermal Radiation Signatures in 
   Solar Flares: Models and Observations", University of Glasgow 
   (August 1996).

(19) Sam Krucker, "Small Solar Flares in the Radio and SXR: Microflares 
   and Coherent Radio Bursts", Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich,
   Switzerland  (September 1996).

(20) David McKenzie, "Coronal Loop Heating: Resonant Absorption?",
   University of Delaware (October 1996).

(21) Andrew Phillips, "Superhot Plasma Creation in Impulsive Solar 
   Flares", University College London (December 1996).


Current (9-Feb-97) Ph.D. students:
----------------------------------
(22) Ryohei Kano, School of Science, University of Tokyo (March 1997).

(23) Masaaki Takahashi, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, 
   Graduate University for Advanced Studies (National Astronomical 
   Observatory of Japan) (March 1997).

(24) Masamitsu Ohyama, Nagoya University (1997).

(25) Kuniko Hori, Tohoku University (1997).

(26) Jun Sato, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Graduate 
   University for Advanced Studies (National Astronomical Observatory 
   of Japan) (1997).

(27) Mark Weber, Montana State University.

(28) Carl Foley, University College London.

(29) Michal Sersen, Comenius University, Bratislava.

(30) Keiji Yoshimura, Kyoto University (1998).

(31) Satoshi Morita, Science University of Tokyo (1998).

(32) Shinji Kubo, Meisei University (1998).

(33) Tsuyoshi Yoshida, School of Science, University of Tokyo (1999).

(34) Masumi Shimojo, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Graduate
   University for Advanced Studies (National Astronomical Observatory of
   Japan) (1999).

(35) Yukio Kozuka

(36) Kentaro Yaji

(37) Serge Savy, University College London.

(38) Brian Handy, Montana State University.

(39) Brian Welsch, Montana State University.

(40) David Weston, Montana State University.

(41) Meredith Wills, Montana State University.


2. Posters.

Three full-sized high-quality posters have been produced using Yohkoh/SXT
pictures.  Posters #2 and #3 contained educational information on the
back.  Poster #3 focused on the solar cycle effects and Sun-Earth
connections.  Poster #3 has also been produced in a smaller (A-sized)
version.  The distribution to date is as follows:

	       Poster #1                 12,000
	       Poster #2                 50,000
	       Poster #3                 75,000
	       Poster #3 (A-size)        20,000

SXT images have also appeared on science posters produced by the American
Astronomical Society and other space science posters.

3. Internet outreach.

Yohkoh/SXT data have been available via the Internet since 1994.  Six
institutions around the world, including NOAA in this country, receive
daily Yohkoh/SXT images for solar and space weather forecasting.  During
this time the SXT team has developed a set of WWW pages for the exhibition
of scientific data in the form of text, images and movies.  This web
site is used constantly by scientists and the general public.
Currently, the web access statistics for Yohkoh at Lockheed Martin Solar
and Astrophysics Lab (LMSAL) is approximately 1500 hits per day and 35
Mbyte/day, double that of about 10 months ago.

The Yohkoh Public Outreach Project (YPOP) is an Internet-based project
funded by NASA (as a Cooperative Agreement Notice project) for the
dissemination of solar data from the Yohkoh/SXT.  This is still in the
developmental stage but our preliminary web site has already received
attention and was featured on the NASA/Observatorium (RPAC) "Observation
of the WeeK" on September 11, 1996.

4. Museums and planetarIa.

Interactive museum exhibits are being developed which involve the
production of learning centers for use at museums and planetaria.
Currently, Yohkoh images are being utilized at 11 museums and planetaria
that we know of.  Short videos featuring Yohkoh data have been projected
at at least 5 exhibitions or museums in Japan.

Highlights worthy of note include:

   Yohkoh/SXT sequence in IMAX movie presented at theatres around
   the world.

   Yohkoh/SXT sequence as part of Skylab exhibit at the National Air and 
   Space Museum, Washington, DC.

   Yohkoh aspect telescope sequence as part of an interactive exhibit
   developed by the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado.

   Traveling exhibits have visited Bay Area high schools and the
   Palo Alto Cultural Center

   SXT movies have been featured in a planetarium show produced by the
   Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, MT, and distributed nationally.

5. Popular publications.

The Yohkoh team has been very active in distributing material to news
and science media.  Articles have appeared in popular publications
worldwide.  We have lost track of the number of magazines and books that
have used Yohkoh/SXT images for cover pictures.  Yohkoh has been the
topic of articles in popular and widely read productions such as Newsweek,
Science, a monthly feature in Sky and Telescope, etc. Yohkoh data have
been prominent in several popular books and textbooks, having appeared
on the cover of a number of them. In the U.K. Yohkoh data have appeared
in national newspapers such as The Independent and The Daily Telegraph,
and have been featured on BBC National news and in science magazines
such as New Scientist and Astronomy Now.

6. TV, Radio and Video

The Yohkoh Team has worked to make to the Yohkoh images widely available
in video and still formats.  The Yohkoh poster #3 appeared on prime time
network news.  Yohkoh has been the subject of PBS and Discovery Channel
TV programs.  Yohkoh images have been used in commercial advertising,
including a TV commercial in Japan for an electronics company.

7. Educational Outreach

The Yohkoh/SXT team has been active in educational outreach in several
different areas.  These include:

  Instructional workshops have been devised to train teachers in the use
  of our outreach products.

  Participation in Project ASTRO, a national program administered by the
  Astronomical Association of the Pacific and funded by the National 
  Science Foundation.

  The Yohkoh team has actively participated in National Science Teacher's
  meetings.

  Many science fairs and in-classroom activities including, adult
  education classes, Rotary Club talks and school visits.

  LMSAL developed Student Outreach Program in which high school students 
  gave talks about solar data to summer camps as well as to groups of 
  children from K-12.

  In Montana, there have been 86 public appearances including 53 school
  visits reaching 8000 students.  Two adult education  classes have been
  taught.

  The Student Work Experience Project currently employs 2 Palo Alto senior 
  high school students at the LMSAL which utilize Yohkoh data science 
  projects.

  Yohkoh/SXT and YPOP have been presented and discussed at AAPT
  meetings.

8. Yohkoh "Scientific Discovery" Package

An attractive package consisting of a dozen colorful A-sized handout
sheets has recently been prepared to feature the Yohkoh mission and
several of its scientific discoveries.  We have printed 5,000 copies
and will distribute these to the general scientific community as well
as to schools and universities.
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