| Presentation Title: | Archival Investigations for the Extremity of the Solar Eruptions in the Past: Case Studies |
| Author(s): | Hisashi Hayakawa |
Abstract:
Solar eruptions occasionally release considerable energy, launch geo-effective interplanetary coronal mass ejections, and trigger intense geomagnetic storms. It is important to study their extremity, as the modern civilization has accelerated dependency on technological infrastructure and vulnerability to such intense solar eruptions. However, it is challenging to quantify their extremity such as once-a-century events or once-a-millennium events, as our modern database covers only several decades. This presentation aims at improving this difficulty on the basis of archival investigations for historical records upon extreme solar storms in the past. This presentation first quantify the Carrington storm in 1859 to contextualize this storm with the modern studies in multiple aspects. This presentation also shows another extreme storm in 1872 and compares this with the Carrington storm. This presentation shows a potential for archival investigations to extend our scientific discussions to the extremity of the solar eruptions.