RESUME

Research Professor
Department of Physics
Montana State University
P. O. Box 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717
E-Mail: richard.canfield at montana.edu

For a brief form of this resume, click here

• 1996--2018 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY (MSU)

Research Professor, Department of Physics (retired 2018). Carry out research in solar physics. Lead and secure funding for a program of independent research in solar magnetism. Participate in research and operations of the Japan/US Yohkoh satellite. Participate in research and operations of the NASA HESSI satellite. Advise graduate students, chair thesis committees. Participate in national and international advisory groups and workshops.

• 1985--1996 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII (UH)

Astronomer (Professor with tenure), Institute for Astronomy (IfA). Carry out research and teaching in astronomy. Lead and secure federal funding for solar observatory with 6-8 employees, including instrument development and operations. Lead and secure federal funding for group of 7-10 solar scientists, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Teach graduate and undergraduate courses. Advise graduate students, chair thesis committees. Participate in national and international advisory groups and workshops.

• 1976--1990 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (UCSD)

Research Physicist (1980--1985), Associate Research Physicist (1976--1980), Center for Astronomy and Space Science (CASS). Adjunct Lecturer (1983--1990), Department of Physics. Lead and secure funding for independent research program in solar physics and astrophysics carried out by two research scientists (including self), one postdoctoral fellow, and three graduate students. Advise graduate students, chair thesis committees. Participate in national advisory groups.

• 1970--1976 AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LABORATORY (AFCRL)

Astrophysicist (GS13), Sacramento Peak Observatory (SPO), Sunspot, New Mexico. Carry out independent research in solar physics and radiative transfer.

• 1969--1970 NETHERLANDS ORGANIZATION FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (ZWO)

Fellow, Sonnenborg Observatory, University of Utrecht. Carry out independent research in solar physics and radiative transfer.

• 1964--1969 NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

Research Assistant (1964--1967), Visiting Scientist (1968--1969), High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado. Carry out studies in solar physics and radiative transfer, under supervision of thesis advisor.

• 1962--1964 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER

Teaching Assistant. Conduct laboratory section of general astronomy course, under supervision of professor.

• 1962, 1963 ASSN. OF UNIVERSITIES FOR RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMY (AURA)

Summer Research Assistant, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona. Assist research astronomers in data analysis and instrument development.

• 1957--1961 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR

Teaching Assistant (1959--1961). Conduct laboratory section of general astronomy course, under supervision of professor. Research Assistant (1956--1959). Complete routine data reduction tasks under supervision of professor. Summer Research Assistant, McMath-Hulbert Observatory (1957, 1958), Lake Angelus, Michigan. Operate telescopes and spectrographs, carry out data reduction tasks under supervision of observatory scientists.

• Ph.D., Astrogeophysics, 1968, University of Colorado, Boulder

``Solar Extreme Limb Spectrum of the Rare Earth Cerium"

• M.S., Astronomy, 1961, University of Michigan

• B.S., Astronomy, 1959, University of Michigan

• American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Physics and Aeronomy Section

• American Astronomical Society (AAS)

Solar Physics Division

• International Astronomical Union (IAU)

Commission 10 - Solar Activity

• DOCTORAL THESIS RESEARCH (MSU/PHYS 690)

Thesis supervision for graduate students working on Ph.D./ theses. Taught at various times, 1995 - present.

• DOCTORAL READING AND RESEARCH (MSU/PHYS 689)

Reading and research for graduate students working on Ph.D./ theses. Taught at various times, 1995 - present.

• INDEPENDENT STUDY (MSU/PHYS 570)

Independent study for graduate students prior to working on Ph.D./ theses. Taught at various times, 1995 - present.

• INDEPENDENT STUDY (MSU/PHYS 470)

Research supervision for undergraduates. Taught at various times, 1995 - present.

• RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN STELLAR ATMOSPHERES (UH/ASTR 631)

One-semester course for astronomy/physics graduate students. Theory of generation and transport of atomic radiation in the atmospheres of stars, nebulae, active galaxies. Taught in 1987, 1989, 1993, 1995.

• THESIS RESEARCH (UH/ASTR 735)

Thesis supervision for graduate students working on Ph.D./ theses. Taught 1989-1995.

• SOLAR PHYSICS JOURNAL CLUB (UH/ASTR 735)

Weekly one-hour group discussion of a recent research article in solar physics. Taught 1986--1995.

• SURVEY OF ASTRONOMY (UH/ASTR 110)

One-semester course for undergraduates. Introductory survey of astronomy for non-science majors. Taught in 1992, 1994.

• DIRECTED STUDY IN PHYSICS (UCSD/PHYS 298)

Pre-thesis research supervision for graduate research assistants. Taught 1983--1990.

• THESIS RESEARCH IN PHYSICS (UCSD/PHYS 299)

Thesis supervision for graduate students working on Ph.D./ theses. Taught 1983--1990.

• Maria Kazachenko, Ph.D. (Physics), MSU, 2010.

Thesis: ``Creation of Twisted Flux in Solar Flare Eruptions''. Now Assistant Professor, Astrophysical and Planetary Science Department, University of Colorado, Boulder.

• Angela C. Des Jardins, Ph.D. (Physics), MSU, 2007.

Thesis: ``Topological Studies of Hard X-Ray Solar Flares with RHESSI''. Now Director, Montana Space Grant Consortium.

• Kimberly D. Leka Ph.D. (Astronomy), UH, 1995.

Thesis: ``Are Solar Emerging Flux Regions Carrying Current?''. Now Research Scientist, Northwest Research Associates, Colorado Research Associates, Boulder.

• Thomas R. Metcalf, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1990.

Thesis: ``Flare Heating and Ionization of the Low Solar Chromosphere''. Deceased (2007).

• Kenneth G. Gayley, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1990.

Thesis: ``Hydrogen Line Diagnostics in Impulsive Flares''. Now Associate Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa.

• David H. Tamres, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1989.

Thesis: ``Theoretical Studies of Proton Beams in Solar Flare Loops''. Now Associate Professor, Department of Physics Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.

• George H. Fisher, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1984.

Thesis: ``The Radiative Hydrodynamics of Flare Loops Heated by Impulsive Bursts of Energetic Electrons''. Now Senior Scientist, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley

• Todd A. Gunkler, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1984.

Thesis: ``Observations and Analysis of Solar Flares Using H-alpha Line Profiles''. Deceased (1997).

• Paul J. Ricchiazzi, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1982.

``A Static Model of Chromospheric Heating in Solar Flares". Now Research Physicist, Institute for Computational Earth System Science, University of California, Santa Barbara.

• Richard C. Puetter, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1980.

``Observational and Theoretical Study of the Hydrogen Spectrum of Quasi-Stellar Objects''. Now Research Physicist, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, UCSD.

• Dibyendu Nandi, Ph.D. (Physics), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 2003.

Dynamo theory, observational studies of solar magnetic fields, now Assistant Professor at Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India.

• Stephane Regnier, Ph.D. (Physics), Institute d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, 2001.

Application of non-linear reconstruction methods to solar magnetic fields. Now University Research Fellow, University of Central Lancashire, U.K.

• Robert Leamon, Ph.D. (Physics), University of Delaware, Newark, 1999.

Observational studies of coronal heating, magnetic clouds. Now Assistant Research Professor, Montana State University, detailed to NASA Headquarters, Washington DC.

• Tetsuya Magara, Ph.D. (Solar Physics), University of Kyoto, Japan 1998.

Theoretical magnetohydrodynamics. Now Associate Professor, School of Space Research, Kyung Heee University, Korea.

• Alexei Pevtsov, Ph.D. (Solar and Planetary Physics), Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Irkutsk, 1992.

Observational studies of magnetic helicity in solar active regions and flares. Now Astronomer, National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, NM

• Gianna Cauzzi, Ph.D. (Astronomy), University of Florence, 1992.

Observational studies of solar magnetic fields and flows in magnetic flux tubes. Now Ricercatore, Astronomy, University of Naples.

• Edward Lu, Ph.D. (Physics), Stanford University, 1990.

Theoretical studies of solar flares. Former NASA astronaut, now Chief Technological Officer, Hover Inc.

• Jean-Francoise de La Beaujardiere, Ph.D. (Astrophysical, Planetary, and Atmospheric Sciences), University of Colorado, 1990.

Studies of particle acceleration and electrical currents in solar flares. Now Data Management Architect, NOAA.

• Thomas R. Metcalf, Ph.D. (Physics), UCSD, 1990.

Observational studies of solar magnetic fields and electrical currents. Deceased (2007).

• Jean-Pierre Wuelser, Ph.D. (Physics), University of Bern (Switzerland), 1988.

Observational studies of mechanisms of flare energy transport and spectroscopy. Now Research Scientist, Lockheed-Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory.

• Stanley Owocki, Ph.D. (Physics), University of Colorado, 1981.

Theoretical studies of non-equilibrium plasma physics in the solar transition region. Now Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Institute, University of Delaware.

• Chang-Hyuk An, Ph.D. (Physics), University of Tennessee, 1979.

Theoretical studies in MHD and radiative stability of solar plasmas. Now Physicist at Applied Research Inc., Huntsville.

• Hale Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Solar Physics, Solar Physics Division, American Astronomical Society, 2013.

• Wiley Prize for Meritorious Research, Montana State University, Bozeman, 2000.

• MSU Alumni- Chamber of Commerce Award for Excellence, Mentor, Montana State University, Bozeman, 1999.

• Phi Eta Sigma honorary, University of Michigan, 1959.

• Co-Leader, Pre-Event Physics Working Group, RHESSI/SOHO/TRACE Workshop, Sonoma, CA, 2004.

• Chair, Search Committee, Experimental Space Physicist, Physics Department, Montanan State University, 2000

• Scientific Organizing Committee, International Astronomical Union Colloquium 179, ``Cyclical Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields: Advances in Theory and Observations'', Kodaikanal Observatory, India, December 15, 1999.

• Local Organizing Committee, International Astronomical Union Symposium 195, ``Highly Energetic Physical Processes and Mechanisms for Emission from Astrophysical Plasmas'', Montana State University, 6-10 July 1999.

• Scientific Organizing Committee, ``High Energy Solar Physics Workshop'', Goddard Space Flight Center, October 18-20, 1999.

• Convener, ``Magnetic Helicity in Space and Laboratory Plasmas'', AGU Chapman Conference, 1998.

• Scientific Organizing Committee, ``Synoptic Solar Physics'', 19th NSO/Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop, 1997.

• Sun-Earth Connections Advisory Committee, NASA, 1996-1998.

• Solar-B Science Definition Team, NASA, 1996--1997.

• Editorial Board, ``Solar Physics'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989--present

• Science Study Group, Mechanisms of Solar Variability (MSV) Program, NASA, 1994--1996

• U.S. Delegation, International Meeting on the Next Japanese Solar Mission, NASA/ISAS, July 1994

• Science Study Group, High Energy Solar Imager (HESI) Mission, NASA, 1991--95

• Solar Physics Management Operations Working Group, NASA, 1990--95

• Chair, Hale Prize Committee, Solar Physics Division, AAS, 1989--93

• Solar Panel, Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, National Academy of Sciences, 1989--90

• Chair, Subpanel on Ground-Based Solar Research, Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, National Academy of Sciences, 1989--90

• Co-Chair, U.S. National Max '91 Program, 1988--93

• Co-Chair, Max '91 Study ``Flare Research at the Next Solar Maximum,'' 1987

• Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Research, Board of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Academy of Sciences, 1986--89

• Chair, Peer Science Review Committee, Solar Maximum Mission, 1987

• Chair, Local Organizing Committee, Honolulu meeting of the Solar Physics Division of the AAS, 1987

• Local Organizer, US/Japan Conference ``Solar Flares: A Forward-Looking Retrospective,'' 1987

• Co-Chair, Organizing Committee, High Energy Astrophysics Division/Solar Physics Division joint session on High Energy Aspects of Solar Flares, AAS, 1984

• Vice-Chair and Chair-Elect, Solar Physics Division, AAS, 1983--84

• Committee on Astronomy and Public Policy, AAS, 1982--85

• Solar Physics Division Committee, AAS, 1981--83

• Leader, Impulsive Phase Transport Group, Solar Maximum Mission Workshop, 1983--84

• Solar Oscillations Science Working Group, NASA, 1982--83

• Space Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, 1980--83

• Consultant, NASA, 1979--83

• Solar Terrestrial Theory Program Review Panel, 1980

• Chair, Nominating Committee, Solar Physics Division, AAS, 1979--80

• Chair, Solar Terrestrial Observatory Science Study Group, NASA, 1979--81

• Science and Application Space Platforms Study Review Group, NASA, 1979--80

• Visiting Committee, Sacramento Peak Observatory, AURA, 1978--80

• Committee on Solar and Space Physics, Space Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, 1976--80

• Leader, Chromosphere and Transition Region Team, Skylab Solar Flare Workshop, 1977--78.

• Optical/Infrared Working Group, Astronomy Advisory Committee, NSF, 1976--79.

• Scientific Advisory Committee, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1975--78.

• "Solar Research and Space Weather", University Honors 291: Solar Energy Basics, Montana State University Bozeman, August 27, 2013.

• "Twisting and Writhing with George Ellery Hale", 222nd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, 2 - 6 June, 2013.

• "The Sun from Space", "Noon Optimist Club, Bozeman, Montana, April 18, 2013.

• "Transfer of Energy to, and Storage of Energy in, the Corona", Tracing the Connections in Solar Flares Petaluma, California, Nov 27 - Dec 2, 2012.

• "Sunspots, Galileo, and You!", Sun-Earth Connection Workshop, Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, Montana, Jul. 27, 2004.

• "Transit of Venus", Museum of the Rockies, Montana State University - Bozeman, June 7, 2004.

• "Sunspots, Galileo, and You!", Science Expo 2002, Montana State University - Billings, March 22, 2002.

• "Importance of Magnetic Flux Emergence as a Trigger", Solar Magnetism and Related Astrophysics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, January 18, 2002.

• "Solar Max - What and Why?", Rose City Astronomers, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, Portland, October 15, 2001.

• "Flares in the WSM3 Sigmoid AR 8668: A Topological Interpretation", American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, December 15-19, 2000.

• "So You Want to be a Rocket Scientist!", Favorite Faculty Lecture, Parent / Family Weekend, Montana State University, Bozeman, October 21, 2000.

• "The Sun-Earth Connection in the Space Age", Distinguished Leaders in Science, 1999 - 2000 Speaker Series, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, May 11, 2000.

• "The Sun-Earth Connection in the Space Age", Colloquium, Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, April 28, 2000.

• "Solar Max 2000 - What & When" Southwest Montana Astrofair, Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, February 12, 2000.

• "Vector Magnetic Fields, Sub-surface Stresses, and Evolution of Magnetic Helicity", IAU Colloquium 179, "Cyclical Evolution of Solar Magnetic fields: Advances in Theory and Observations", Kodaikanal, India, December 13-16 1999.

• "Max Millennium Program in 1999/2000" , in "Here Comes the Sun: Plans for the Y2K Solar Maximum", American Astronomical Society Meeting #194, Chicago, June 2, 1999.

• "Solar Space Research" President's Advisory Council, Montana State University Bozeman, May 14, 1999.

• "Cusps as Signatures of Coronal Mass Ejections", Yohkoh Seminar, Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan, May 6, 1999.

• "Active Region Topology as a Probe of the Solar Convection Zone" Solar & Plasma Astrophysics Seminar, National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Japan, November 10, 1998.

• "Helicity and Reconnection in the Solar Corona: Observations" , Magnetic Helicity in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference, Boulder, Colorado, July 30, 1998.

• "Magnetic Fields on the Sun: Kinky Business" Colloquium, Department of Mathematics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, November 20, 1997.

• "Helicity of Solar Magnetic Fields" 18th NSO/Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop "Synoptic Solar Physics", Sunspot, New Mexico, September 9-12, 1997.

• "Implications of Magnetic Helicity Observations" Joint Japan/US/UK Solar-B Science/Technical Meeting ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan, 7-9 May 1997.

• "Helicity Charging and Solar Eruptions" Workshop on Solar Flares and Related Disturbances, Hitachi City, Japan, January 1996.

• "Overview of Magnetic Flux Emergence, Evolution, and Removal as a Global Process: Upper Atmosphere" First Solar Magnetism Initative Workshop, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, December 1995.

• "Magnetic Helicity: Kinky Business" Colloquium, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, October, 1995.

• "Electrical Currents and Solar Flares: Dispelling the Myth", High Energy Solar Physics Workshop, Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, August 1995.

• "Yohkoh Observations: Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere", in Generation of Solar Activity , Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Baltimore, April 1995.

• "A Space-Based Vector Magnetograph: Opportunties and Tradeofs", at Solar Physics at the Next Solar Maximum: International Solar-B Symposium , Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan, August 1994.

• "Patterns Of Helicity in Solar Active Regions" colloqium, National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan January 1994.

• "Flare Energy Release: Observational Consequences and Signatures", at The Physics of Solar Flares , The Royal Society, London, March 1991.

• "Ground-Based Context Observations For the High-Energy Solar Physics (HESP) Mission", at 180th AAS Meeting, Columbus, June 1992.

• "Currents and Flares in a Highly Nonpotential Active Region", at Solar Polarimetry , National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, August 1990.

• "Electric Currents and Flares in Solar Active Regions", at 21st meeting of the Solar Physics Division, Huntsville, April 1991.

• "An Imaging Vector Magnetograph for the Next Solar Maximum", at Solar System Plasma Physics: Theory and Instrumentation , Yosemite National Park, California, February 1988.

• "Impulsive Phase Chromospheric Flare Dynamics", at The Lower Atmosphere of Solar Flares , National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, August 1985.

• "Optical Imaging Spectroscopy", at Solar Flares and Coronal Physics Using P/OF as a Research Tool , Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, May 1985.

• "Energy Transport in Solar Flares", colloquium, University of Hawaii, February 1985

• "Impulsive Phase Transport Processes", at Solar Maximum Mission Flare Workshop , Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, February 1984.

• "Chromospheric Evaporation", at Solar Maximum Mission Flare Workshop , Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, January 1983.

• "Probabilistic Radiative Transfer", at IAU Commission 36 Symposium Methods of Radiative Transfer , Patras, Greece, September 1982.

• "Energy Transport Mechanisms in Solar Flares", colloquium, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, April 1981.

• "H-alpha Profiles in Solar Flares", seminar, SMM Experiment Group, Goddard Space Flight Center, May 1980.

• "Solar Flares", at Solar Optical Telescope Symposium , Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, January 1980.

• "Solar Flare Chromosphere and Transition Region", at Workshop on Flare Research and the Solar Maximum Mission , Ann Arbor, November 1978.

• "The Emerging Flux Model of Solar Flares", Astrophysics seminar, Department of Physics, UCSD, February 1975.

• "Observational Evidence for Unresolved Motions in the Solar Atmosphere", CNRS colloquium Physique des Mouvements dans les Atmospheres Stellaires , Observatoire de Nice, France, September 1975.

• "Formation of Hydrogen Lines in Solar Flares", colloquium, High Altitude Observatory, Boulder July 1974.

• "Non-thermal Velocities in the Low Chromosphere", colloquium, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, July 1970.

• "Computed Profiles for Solar Mg-b and Na-D Lines", colloquium, Observatoire de Paris, June 1969.

• "Departures from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Weak Complex Spectra", colloquium, Sonnenborg Observatory, Utrecht, March 1970.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

• "Ground-Based Observations Coordination for HESSI" Subagreement SA1868-26308PG, University of California, 4/1/98--9/30/18

• "Creation of Twisted Flux in Solar Eruptions" NNX07AU73H, 9/6/07--9/05/08

• "Topological Studies of Photospheric, Coronal, and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields" NNG05GJ96G, 6/1/05--5/31/08

• "Magnetic Helicity and the Solar Dynamo" NAG5-6110, 8/1/99--7/31/02

• "Large-Scale Organization of Active Region Magnetic Fields" NAG8-1399, 7/1/97--6/31/00

• "Magnetic Helicity and the Solar Dynamo" NAGW-5072,/NAG5-5043, 6/1/96--5/31/99

• "Solar Magnetic Fields, Structures, and Dynamics" NAGW-1542, 11/1/94--10/31/95

• "Research in Coronal and Chromospheric Physics" NAGW-1542, 11/1/88--12/31/95

• "Participation in the Solar-A Mission: Launch Phase", Lockheed SE70A3120R, 9/1/91--10/31/95,

• "Solar Imaging Vector Magnetograph", NAGW-1454, 8/1/88--7/31/92

• "Solar-A: UH Investigations", Lockheed SE70A3120R, 7/1/88--8/31/91,

• "Research in Coronal and Chromospheric Physics", NGL 12-001-011, 11/1/86--10/31/88,

• "Radiative Transfer and Dynamics in QSO Emission Line Clouds", NAGW-30, 2/1/80--1/31/84,

• "Hydrodynamic and Magnetohydrodynamic Processes in Solar Flares", NSG-7406, 3/1/78--1/31/84,

• "Solar-Terrestrial Observatory Science Study", NAS 8-33795, 7/1/80--6/30/81,

• "Observations with the Imaging Vector Magnetograph", ATM 9696185 9/1/96--8/31/97,

• "Observations with the Imaging Vector Magnetograph", ATM 9303873, 9/1/93--8/31/96,

• "Solar Flare Studies During Max '91", AST 9115038, 12/1/91--11/30/95,

• "Solar Flare Imaging Spectroscopy", AST 8900716, 6/15/89--05/31/91,

• "Observations of Solar Active Region Current Systems and Solar Flares During Max'91 and Solar-A", ATM 9107843, 2/15/92--1/31/93,

• "Solar Imaging Vector Magnetograph for Max '91", ATM 8813157, 7/1/88--1/31/92,

• "Observational Solar Flare Chromospheric Spectroscopy" AST 8615358, 3/1/87--8/31/89,

• "Theoretical Dynamics of Flares and Active Regions", ATM 8415793, 2/1/85--07/31/87,

• "Observational Solar Flare Chromospheric Spectroscopy" AST 8320306, 12/1/85--11/30/87,

• "Radiative Transfer Effects in Quasi-Stellar Objects Emission Line Clouds", AST 7922032, 2/15/80--7/31/81,

• "Initiation of Coronal Mass Ejections", AFOSR F49620-00-1-0128, 4/1/2000 - 9/30/2002.

• "Solar Flare Mechanisms: Theory and Observations During the Early Solar Maximum Period", AFOSR 76-3071, 1976-81.

• "Solar Flare Mechanisms: Observations", AFOSR 82-0092, 1982-83.